{"id":7245,"date":"2021-12-08T15:36:10","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T15:36:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.blemo.com\/what-is-a-frequency-inverter\/"},"modified":"2026-03-03T08:28:22","modified_gmt":"2026-03-03T08:28:22","slug":"what-is-a-frequency-inverter","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.blemo.com\/en\/what-is-a-frequency-inverter\/","title":{"rendered":"Frequency inverter – Explanation, function, design"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Was ist ein Frequenz­umrichter<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Unsere Technik verst\u00e4ndlich erkl\u00e4rt.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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What is a frequency inverter?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Basics, functions, and advantages. <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA frequency inverter is a technical device that generates a different AC voltage from the incoming AC voltage.\n\nFrequency converters are used, for example, to control motor speeds (e.g. of an asynchronous motor or synchronous motor). If an electrical machine, such as a motor, were only operated via the public power grid, this would have some disadvantages in practice (see below). The current from the public grid often means that only certain speeds can be achieved with the machine used. In addition, disturbance variables such as harmonics or fluctuations in the grid can have a negative impact on the downstream process. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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The frequency inverter also enables the motor to ramp up and down smoothly. The frequency inverter is therefore a controller for a drive with a variably adjustable frequency that regulates the machine (e.g. the motor speed) via parameters such as the frequency. In this way, motors and electrical machines can be controlled very precisely in industry. This is particularly important when industrial process requirements need to be met precisely. <\/p>

Precise speed control also helps to save energy during operation, as the machines being operated work more efficiently. From the point of view of industrial requirements, it is particularly important that the frequency inverter works reliably and is robust. Many processes in industry, in manufacturing or even in individual companies depend on precisely adjustable parameterization of an electrical machine. With the frequency inverter, precisely these parameters can be set and programmed exactly according to the respective process requirements. <\/p>

The setting options are versatile and range from setting speeds and safety functions to monitoring the system.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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BLEMO frequency converter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\"blemo-frequency-inverter-er24g-NEW\"<\/figure><\/div>
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTo the product overview<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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How is a frequency converter constructed?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The basic structure of a frequency inverter consists of a rectifier, which usually feeds an intermediate circuit (there are also models without an intermediate circuit), an inverter, control electronics and a control circuit. The tasks of the rectifier are to stabilize and smooth the downstream intermediate circuit. <\/p>

A capacitor is installed in the intermediate circuit to “smooth” the voltage. Several inverters can be installed on the DC link at the same time. Rectification is important in order to be able to use the incoming AC voltage from the power grid without interference (e.g. in the amplitude). A bridge circuit, for example, is installed in the rectifier for this purpose. <\/p>

This is followed by an intermediate circuit with a buffer, which is smoothed by the so-called “buffer capacitor”. Depending on the design, there is sometimes also a coil here in order to be able to throttle particularly intense fluctuations in the current. The inverter circuit converts the smoothed voltage of the intermediate circuit into a three-phase alternating voltage. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe system parameters are monitored in the subsequent control circuit. There is a motor at the output of the frequency inverter circuit. A current flows through it, which has been transformed accordingly by the inverter. As unwanted voltage peaks can occur in the current, high-frequency pulse controllers are used to keep these as low as possible. Control electronics are used to convert a specific speed or torque by controlling the current \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout frequency converters<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Function of a frequency converter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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The tasks and function of a frequency inverter are varied depending on the model, for example the “frequency inverter 400v<\/a>” or “frequency inverter 230v<\/a>“, and differ, for example, according to the input voltage or the wiring.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Saving energy by improving efficiency <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The basic task of the frequency inverter in industry is to save energy by improving the efficiency of technical systems. Furthermore, it is used to adapt control variables such as the speed to specific process requirements or to adapt and regulate the power or torque of a drive according to the specifications of the process requirements. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Improvement of the working environment <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The frequency inverter helps to improve the working environment by generally reducing the noise level (compared to other technical systems) of fans or pumps. In addition, frequency inverters 400v or frequency inverters 230v help to extend the service life of machines by reducing the mechanical load (e.g. through the smooth run-up of the motor). <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Stepless speed control <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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The speed control of three-phase motors or a motor in drive technology can be regulated precisely and easily by a frequency inverter by converting electrical variables such as frequencies or AC voltage. This means that frequency inverters can be integrated almost seamlessly into any existing process in which peak loads need to be reduced or speeds precisely adjusted. By reducing the peak load, expensive peak demand prices are also avoided, which means that the required size of the motor can be reduced. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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How a frequency inverter works<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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As is already known, a frequency converter is usually connected upstream of a motor. This generates a variable alternating voltage that is independent of the frequency and voltage level of the power grid. This means that the output frequency and output voltage can be regulated.<\/p>

As already mentioned, the advantage is the infinitely variable control of the speed range. The speed range can be regulated from approximately zero to the desired nominal speed, while the torque of the motor remains unchanged. A frequency inverter also enables the direction of rotation of the motor to be changed directly, for example via a control command. In three-phase machines, the direction of rotation is changed by changing the phase sequence. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Areas of application for frequency inverters<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Frequency converters are indispensable in numerous applications\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Electric
railways<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t

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Pump and fan applications<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLifting & mobility applications\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t
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Servo technology \/
Servo converters<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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Electric railroads<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Frequency converters are ideal for use in electric railroads. When supplying 50 Hz railroads from the national grid, there is often interference when using conventional single-phase transformer transformers, which can be avoided with frequency converters. The use of a converter also saves energy. On closer inspection, the investment costs are also quickly amortized. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pump and fan applications<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tPump and fan applications account for around 70 percent of global applications for frequency inverters. This is due to the fact that a frequency inverter is particularly advantageous in this area, as the speeds required for fans and pumps can be set very precisely with this device. Pumps and fans are often integrated into highly complex and industrial processes that require very precise control. Frequency inverters are ideal for this, as they idealize the mains voltage for the respective application and the control of the downstream consumer. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Lifting and moving applications<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFrequency inverters are also used successfully in lifting and transport applications such as conveyor technology, elevator technology, escalators, conveyor belts and other applications in this field. A precise control variable (e.g. a torque or speed) is particularly important for smoothly starting processes (e.g. an elevator) or precise control in a lifting application. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Servo technology \/ Servo converters<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tServo inverters are used successfully in the field of servo technology. In the case of a servo drive or servo motor, the servo inverter supplies it with power. This enables the drive to move. These often require highly dynamic control of the current and are used in combination with power electronics. This enables precise and dynamic control of the speed and position of the drive. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Types of frequency inverters<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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H3: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThere are many different types of frequency converters on the market. Due to their widespread use in industry, especially for controlling pumps, compressors, and fans, many different models have become established in the industry. As explained in the section on how they work, one distinguishing feature of frequency converters is the method of voltage and frequency control. \n\nAnother feature is the technology for reducing vibrations (e.g. harmonics). Frequency inverters can be single-phase and three-phase. The three most important methods for generating variable frequencies in frequency inverters are the: \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pulse width modulation (PWM) <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pulse width modulation is a technique in which an electrical variable such as voltage alternates between two defined values. A so-called square-wave pulse is modulated at a constant frequency, i.e. a variable that always alternates exactly between two values. The method is also used, for example, in the control of energy conversion in a technical system. <\/p>

PWM technology requires (bipolar) transistors (so-called “IGBT transistors”) for the alternating direction (power electronics) of the frequency converter, which generate the correct voltage level by constantly switching on and off. The width of the resulting pulses can be changed, thus pulse width modulation changes the output voltage and frequency. The signal modulated by this method always has a fixed amplitude, which makes the modulation suitable for very precise applications. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Power source inverter <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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A power source inverter is a power converter that produces an AC voltage from a DC voltage. It is often simply referred to as an “inverter”. <\/p>

As soon as a load is connected to the generated alternating voltage, an alternating current is generated from the direct current of the input voltage. The opposite of an inverter would be a rectifier, which turns an AC voltage at the input into a DC voltage. <\/p>

A distinction is made between externally managed and self-managed inverters. Third-party inverters are able to feed electrical energy into an AC voltage grid. They work according to the phase specified by the power grid, i.e. synchronized with the grid. They adapt to the grid voltage. This type of inverter (externally fed) is used, for example, in a photovoltaic system. Direct current is generated there, which must first be converted into alternating current via an inverter and then fed into the public grid. Other examples can be found in the railroad and wind energy sectors. <\/p>

With self-guided inverters, the phase is determined by the user. This has an effect on the amplitude of the AC voltage generated. These inverters are suitable for setting up stand-alone grids. For example, if a vacation home is not connected to the public grid, an inverter can generate AC voltage using batteries, for example. This can then be used in the house for electrical appliances, for example. This type of inverter (self-powered) is also used in battery-operated emergency power systems. <\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

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Voltage source inverter <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tA voltage source inverter functions in the same way as the aforementioned current source inverter, but is intended for a different application. The voltage source inverter is used, for example, when a household appliance is designed for a supply voltage of 230 volts and 50 Hz and a 660 volt power grid is available on site, for example. The voltage source inverter or “inverter” is able to throttle this voltage according to the process specifications and make it usable for the connected consumers. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAbout frequency converters<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Operating modes<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThis section explains the operating modes and control options for frequency inverters. These provide an overview and help to make the right choice for the respective application. \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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